If you can omit the participle altogether, do so.Use a reduced relative clause where possible.Enter them into the boxes, as in the example. Practice 3 Exercise 3 - Rewrite the sentences, where possible replacing the underlined relative clauses with their shortest possible forms. NOT The students selected tomorrow are those. The students who should be selected are those that have worked the hardest. The students who will be selected tomorrow will be offered a scholarship when there is a modal other than will in the defining relative clause It was the way in which he was sacked that particularly shocked me.there is a noun (or as here, a pronoun) between the relative pronoun and the verb: The boy knocked off his bicycle broke his leg. The boy who was knocked off his bicycle broke his leg.But we can use a reduced relative clause with passive single completed actions.The boy falling off his bicycle broke his leg. The boy who fell off his bicycle broke his leg.Trees falling in the storm have resulted in several accidents.
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Trees which fell in the storm have resulted in several accidents.Unless it is the cause of the event or action in the main clause: When I say -ed forms, I'm including irregular form such as seen, broken etc. Passive tenses are replaced by the past participle ( -ed forms) and being + past participle. People arriving late were not allowed in until the interval.ģ.( which have completed - present perfect) Teams completing the first round go into the quarter-finals.( which is now arriving - present continuous) The train now arriving at Platform 3 is the 4.20 to Paddington.Anyone wanting a ticket for the Final see me.Note that the present participle can replace various active tenses, not only present continuous Active tenses are replaced with a present participle ( -ing form). The man being taken away by the police.Ģ. The man who is being taken away by the police is our neighbour.That woman who my wife is talking to is our local Member of Parliament.That woman who is talking to my wife is our local Member of Parliament.We can only make reduced relative clauses when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause. Basic principles for making reduced relative clauses 1.